For the calculation of the vertical settlements upstream of the bulkhead is used the 'Constant Volume' method.
It is assumed that the variation of the total volume of the soil involved in the deformation process is null (deforming, the soils tend to dilate). In this case, once defined the thrust wedge, there is equality between the volume that occupies the ground after the movement of the bulkhead and the one the land frees for vertical settlements upstream work.
Assumes as thrust angle to the horizontal active 45+ϕ/2. Respect to the vertical 45-ϕ/2.
Scheme of reference for the calculation of the vertical settlements
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