Peck et al. (1974) e Meyerhof (1956)
•valid for non soft soils at depth < 5 m
•correlation valid for sands and gravels, represents average values
•traditional correlation widely used, valid for soils above groundwater table < 8 m for terrains within groundwater table (stresses <8-10 t/m²)
Meyerhof, 1956
•correlation valid for clay and fissured marl clay and loose fill
sand and silt ≤ 5%: a=29.47; b=0.46; c= 0.004
sand and silt > 5%: a=23.7; b=0.57; c= 0.006
Sowers, 1962
•friction angle in degrees valid for sands in general
•optimal conditions for depths < 4 m above groundwater table and < 7 m for terrains within groundwater table, σ>5 t/m²
De Mello, 1967
•correlation valid for mainly sandy soils with friction angle < 38° at least 2 m depth
Malcev, 1964
•friction angle in degrees valid for sands in general
•optimal conditions for depths > 2 m and friction angle < 38°
Schmertmann, 1977
•friction angle in degrees for diverse lithotypes (max values)
•N.B. Values are often overly optimistic as derived from DR % indirect correlations.
Uniform fine sands: a= 28; b=0.14
Sands medium uniform: a=31.5; b=0.115
Sands medium grandate, Large uniform sands: a= 34.5, b= 0.1
Sands, gravels little silty, Gravel: a=38, b=0.08
Gravels: a=34.5, b=0.1
Dr=relative density [%]
ROAD BRIDGE SPECIFICATION
•friction angle in degrees (Shioi and Fukuni, 1982) valid for sands, fine sands and silty sands at minimum 2 m depths below ground level
•optimal conditions for depths >8 m over groundwater table and >15 m for terrains within groundwater table, σ>15 t/m²
(JAPANESE NATIONAL RAILWAY) Shioi-Fukuni 1982
•friction angle in degrees valid for gravels
•friction angle in degrees valid for medium coarse sands gravelly sands and gravels (degrees) Shioi-Fukuni 1982 valid for minimum depths of 2 m
Iwasaki et al., 1977
•friction angle in degrees, valid for sands, medium and coarse and gravelly sands
•optimal conditions for depths > 8 m above groundwater table and > 15 m for terrains within groundwater table, σ>15 t/m²
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