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The gravity-loading vector Pa is accumulated element by element from integrals of the type:

 

 

 

where γ denotes the material density of the element and N the shape function matrix. These calculations are performed in the same part of the program that forms the global stiffness matrix. It may be noted that only those freedoms corresponding to vertical movement are incorporated in the integrals.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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