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This case is defined as a deformation state in which w=0 everywhere and u and v are functions of x and y but not of z. Thus, . A typical slice of an underground tunnel that lies along the z axis might deform in essentially plane strain conditions. The constitutive matrix E for isotropic plane strain is:

 

                                         

If needed, can be obtained from the relation after and are known.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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