This subject has been partially treated in the Anchoring stringcourses section. In this section we are about to discuss the insertion of the anchors.
For a correct definition of the fastening anchors, it is advisable to enter the following data:
•Description: Allows the user to identify – by means of a name – the anchor inserted.
•x: It is the abscissa, measured in the general reference system, where the anchor is inserted. It is expressed in m.
•z: It is the level, measured along the vertical passing through the general reference system, where the anchor is inserted. It is expressed in m.
•Inclination: It is the angle of inclination that the axis of the anchor forms with the horizontal axis of the general reference system. It is expressed in degrees (n.b. the inclination is defined as positive when clockwise).
•Interaxis: It is the distance, measured in the direction perpendicular to the drawing plane (general direction y) existing between two adjoining anchors. It is expressed in m.
•Angle of friction: It is the angle of friction between the anchor bulb and the ground where this latter is fastened. It is expressed in degrees.
•Adhesion: It is a measure of the cohesion which is measured on the interface between the bulb and the soil (in the anchoring area). It is expressed in kN/m².
•Typology: Refers to the type of anchor. It must be chosen from the Anchors archive.
•Stringcourse: It is the stringcourse by means of which the anchor is fastened to the bulkhead. It must be chosen from the stringcourses archive.
•Active/Passive: Is the option through which the user can decide whether the anchor is active (pre-stressed anchor) or passive (unloaded anchor in the initial phase of the structure's life).
•Initial tensile load: In case the anchor is active, it defines the extent of the pre-tension. It is expressed in kN.
•Bearing capacity: It is the bearing capacity of the anchor. If set to zero, it will be calculated automatically by the software.
•Safety factor: Imposed safety factor with regard to the collapse of the anchor.
•Rowe’s reduction factor: It is a coefficient which depends on the deformability of the piling. This coefficient reduces the maximum moment calculated on the bulkhead.
•Thrust coefficient: Please refer to the calculation of the anchors bearing capacity.
•Free of fixed end (see L.E.M.): Detects if the insertion of the anchor involves a fixed bound for the bulkhead (Fixed end) or, on the contrary, it can be considered as non-existent in terms of bounds (Free end).
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