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There are eight nodes for this element, four corner nodes and four mid-side nodes (Fig.22). In the natural coordinate system (ξ, η), the eight shape functions are:

 

                                   

 

The displacement field is given by:

 

                                                     

which are quadratic functions over the element. Strains and stresses over a quadratic quadrilateral element are linear functions that are better representations.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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